{"id":12250,"date":"2021-06-20T02:00:16","date_gmt":"2021-06-20T07:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legaltalktexas.hammerle.com\/?p=12250"},"modified":"2022-08-23T14:41:32","modified_gmt":"2022-08-23T19:41:32","slug":"fatherhood-by-the-book-law-and-biology-not-always-the-same","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/legaltalk\/probate\/fatherhood-by-the-book-law-and-biology-not-always-the-same\/","title":{"rendered":"Fatherhood by the Book &#8211; Law and Biology Not Always the Same"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Happy Father\u2019s Day!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ah, but this is a legal column, so let us look at that greeting a bit more closely.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are many types of fathers. There are biological fathers, legal fathers, intended fathers, step-fathers and adopted fathers. A man might be a father for purposes of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/practice-areas\/family-law\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">family law<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> but not a father for purposes of the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/practice-areas\/estate-planning-probate\/probate\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">probate law<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fathers can be presumed, contractual, or acknowledged. They can be estopped into being.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some women can even be considered quasi-fathers as a co-parent with the biological mother.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These categories are not exclusive; they will continue to grow as the law changes and the science gets more sophisticated.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rights and Obligations of Legal Fathers<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you are legally considered a father, then you have some rights and you have some obligations. You have the right to have access to your child \u2013 to visit, make decisions, and parent. You have the obligation to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/practice-areas\/family-law\/child-custody\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">support your child<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Being legally recognized as a father is a big deal.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is not, however, a done deal.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the first 4 years of a child\u2019s life, another man could come in and claim to be the biological father. If that happens, then it comes down to the DNA test.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Paternity Cases<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is all a matter of statute and presumptions. A man who is married to the child\u2019s mother when the child is born is presumed to be the father. Similarly, a man who lives with the child\u2019s unmarried mother for the first two years of the child\u2019s life and represents to others that he is the father is legally presumed to be the father.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, a man claiming to be the biological father can start a suit to establish parentage within 4 years of the child\u2019s birth. After 4 years, the bio dad can bring suit only if he was prevented from learning that he was the father by a misrepresentation, or if he can prove the presumed father did not have \u201crelations\u201d with the child\u2019s mom during the probable time of conception.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the bio dad wins the suit, then he becomes the legal father.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As you can imagine, the fact situations in these cases can become convoluted. One case involved the child\u2019s mother, the child\u2019s father and the father\u2019s wife. Mom and Father had an affair while Father was estranged from his Wife. Mom and Father broke up. Mom then reunited with her high school boyfriend and Father reunited with his Wife. Father and Wife broke up again, but then Wife found out she was pregnant. Then Mom found out she was pregnant, too. Mom, Father and Wife started living together. After Mom\u2019s baby was born, Father claimed it was his child. When Mom finally moved out, Father refused to let her take her child.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mom sued, and it turned out that Father was not the biological dad of the child. But\u2026 Father had treated the child as his own for more than 6 years. The Court decided he was the legal father.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In that case, the law was just. It does not always turn out that way.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That really brings up a much bigger issue \u2013 true fatherhood is not determined by law or by biology. It is determined by the parental love shown by a man to a child. It reverberates through a child\u2019s life and self-worth.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No contract or statute or case law can make that bond. It is personal. It should be recognized and nurtured and cherished.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So let us say it one more time \u2013 Happy Father\u2019s Day!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/lawyers\/virginia-hammerle\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Virginia Hammerle<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has been Board Certified in Civil Trial Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization for over 25 years.\u00a0 Her practice includes <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/practice-areas\/litigation-lawyers\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">litigation<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/practice-areas\/estate-planning-probate\/estate-planning\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">estate planning<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/practice-areas\/estate-planning-probate\/estate-and-trust-litigation\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">trust law<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0 To receive her monthly newsletter, email <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">legaltalktexas@hammerle.com<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0 Additional columns can be found at <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/legaltalk\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">legaltalktexas.hammerle.com<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Happy Father\u2019s Day! Ah, but this is a legal column, so let us look at that greeting a bit more closely.\u00a0 There are many types of fathers. There are biological fathers, legal fathers, intended fathers, step-fathers and adopted fathers. A man might be a father for purposes of family law but not a father for [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":12252,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1225],"tags":[1199,905],"class_list":{"0":"post-12250","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-probate","8":"tag-family-law","9":"tag-trusts"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fatherhood by the Book - Law and Biology Not Always the Same<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Being legally recognized as a father is a big deal. It is not, however, a done deal. 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