{"id":12713,"date":"2023-04-30T06:00:49","date_gmt":"2023-04-30T11:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legaltalktexas.hammerle.com\/?p=12713"},"modified":"2025-06-18T13:03:22","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T18:03:22","slug":"fee-simple-absolute-courts-of-appeal-disagree","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/legaltalk\/estate-planning\/fee-simple-absolute-courts-of-appeal-disagree\/","title":{"rendered":"A Fee Simple Absolute &#8211; When Courts of Appeal Disagree"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When Lillian died, she left a <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/legaltalk\/estate-planning\/tale-of-two-wills-scribbled-words-have-unexpected-effect\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">handwritten<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (holographic) will that stated \u201cIf I die all possions (sic) go to my husband Paul\u2026. and when he dies everything goes to Rhobbin\u2026.. Written by Lillian\u2026.. (wife).\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That, my friends, created a determinable fee simple for husband Paul with an executory interest to Rhobbin, according to an opinion issued by the Houston Court of Appeals (1st). Let\u2019s unpack that because it seems to be a lot of random words strung together.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Fee Simple Absolute: The Most Expansive Type of Ownership<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Starting at the most expansive type of ownership: a \u201cfee simple absolute\u201d is an estate over which the owner can use and dispose of the property without any limitation, forever. When the owner dies, any property remaining passes by the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/legaltalk\/wills-trusts\/this-is-what-you-need-to-know-before-signing-a-will\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">owner\u2019s will<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or to his heirs.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lillian\u2019s will left all of her possessions to her husband Paul. If her will had stopped there, then Paul would have received ownership of the property in fee simple absolute.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But Lillian\u2019s will added a limitation: Paul\u2019s death. This is called an \u201cexecutory limitation,\u201d which is an event that, if it occurs, automatically divests one of devised property.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pulling it all together, a fee simple estate subject to an executory limitation is called a \u201cdeterminable fee simple estate.\u201d This is a fee simple interest in every respect, with one important exception: it passes to another if the contingency happens.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now let\u2019s drag in one more party: Rhobbin. The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/legaltalk\/probate\/beneficiary-in-waiting-rights-during-the-probate-process-can-be-complex\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">recipient of the property<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> when the contingency happens has an \u201cexecutory interest.\u201d Rhobbin had an executory interest in the property because it was going to pass to her when Paul died.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The importance of this becomes apparent upon the next event, which was that Paul died less than 2 weeks after Lillian. Paul did not leave a will.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If Paul had received a fee simple absolute interest in Lillian\u2019s property when she died, then the property would have passed to Paul\u2019s heirs when he died as part of his <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/legaltalk\/wills-trusts\/probate-and-its-process-explained\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">probate estate<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But, because Paul received only limited ownership of the property, upon his death the property passed to Rhobbin, in accordance with Lillian\u2019s will.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Fee Simple Absolute vs. Life Estate<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now let\u2019s look at another case that resulted in a completely different analysis. The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/legaltalk\/estate-planning\/whats-love-got-to-do-with-it-love-and-the-law\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">wife left a will<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that stated \u201cIt is my Will and desire that when I am dead my property, my home and all the furnishings\u2026\u2026\u2026shall become the property of my Husband\u2026It is also my will and desire that all above mentioned property, at my Husband&#8217;s death, shall go to the \u2026.Orphans Home\u2026\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Waco Court of Appeals issued an opinion that the language in the will created a life estate in husband, with the remainderman the Orphans Home. That is quite different from a determinable fee simple with an executory interest.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A life estate is created by words showing intent to give the right to possess, use, and enjoy the property during life. The life estate ends when the holder dies. At the holder\u2019s death, the \u201cremainderman\u201d receives ownership of the property. No particular language is required to make a life estate.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Using The Right Terminology In Your Will<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why the different interpretation of such similar language in the two wills? It\u2019s simple &#8211; Courts of Appeals do not always agree.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That is not especially helpful or reassuring. The type of property interest carries huge implications on the obligations of the holder for upkeep, use, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/legaltalk\/probate\/not-even-taxes-can-stop-death-the-impact-of-expectations\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">taxes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/legaltalk\/legal-talk\/ensuring-insurance-company-pays-up\/https:\/\/hammerle.com\/legaltalk\/legal-talk\/ensuring-insurance-company-pays-up\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">insurance<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and the right to divest ownership during the holder\u2019s lifetime.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The lesson? Use the appropriate terminology in your will, so an appellate court won\u2019t have to decipher your meaning.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hammerle Morris Can Help With Your Estate Planning Needs<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you need legal assistance in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/practice-areas\/estate-planning-probate\/estate-planning\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">estate planning<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/lewisville-attorney\/#form\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">schedule a consultation<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with one of our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/lawyers\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">experienced attorneys<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to discuss your options<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Attorney <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/lawyers\/virginia-hammerle\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Virginia Hammerle<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has practiced litigation and estate planning for 40 years. She is founder and managing attorney for <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hammerle Morris Law Firm<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When Lillian died, she left a handwritten (holographic) will that stated \u201cIf I die all possions (sic) go to my husband Paul\u2026. and when he dies everything goes to Rhobbin\u2026.. Written by Lillian\u2026.. (wife).\u201d That, my friends, created a determinable fee simple for husband Paul with an executory interest to Rhobbin, according to an opinion [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":12714,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1224,1225],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-12713","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-estate-planning","8":"category-probate"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A Fee Simple Absolute - When Courts of Appeal Disagree | Hammerle Morris Law Firm<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Virginia Hammerle explains how important it is to use the proper terminology when writing your will.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/legaltalk\/estate-planning\/fee-simple-absolute-courts-of-appeal-disagree\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Fee Simple Absolute - When Courts of Appeal Disagree | Hammerle Morris Law Firm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Virginia Hammerle explains how important it is to use the proper terminology when writing your will.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/legaltalk\/estate-planning\/fee-simple-absolute-courts-of-appeal-disagree\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Hammerle Morris Law Firm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-04-30T11:00:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-18T18:03:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/legaltalk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/4.30HammerleBlog-1024x683.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"683\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Virginia Hammerle\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Virginia Hammerle\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hammerle.com\\\/legaltalk\\\/estate-planning\\\/fee-simple-absolute-courts-of-appeal-disagree\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hammerle.com\\\/legaltalk\\\/estate-planning\\\/fee-simple-absolute-courts-of-appeal-disagree\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Virginia Hammerle\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hammerle.com\\\/legaltalk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3a35dce360aad1cd9da53574c3c1a6bd\"},\"headline\":\"A Fee Simple Absolute &#8211; 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