{"id":12941,"date":"2024-06-09T06:00:22","date_gmt":"2024-06-09T11:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legaltalktexas.hammerle.com\/?p=12941"},"modified":"2025-06-18T12:29:07","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T17:29:07","slug":"dementia-in-the-real-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/legaltalk\/estate-planning\/dementia-in-the-real-world\/","title":{"rendered":"Dementia in the Real World: Signs and Symptoms Can Be Confusing"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wilbur was a financially sophisticated businessman. Then he suffered a stroke. Five years later, he needed assistance with bathing and eating, could not read, and required help to use the television or telephone.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After Wilbur\u2019s death, a geriatric psychiatrist reviewed his medical records and spoke with family members, his doctor, and his lawyer. The psychiatrist explained how looking at abnormalities in behavior can aid in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/legaltalk\/estate-planning\/10-early-warning-signs-of-dementia\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">diagnosing dementia<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is Dementia?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The National Institute on Aging<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (NIA) agrees, noting \u201cSome people with dementia cannot control their emotions, and the personalities may change.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The National Institute on Aging calls out <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/health\/alzheimers-and-dementia\/what-dementia-symptoms-types-and-diagnosis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">four types of dementia<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alzheimer\u2019s disease<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Frontotemporal dementia<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lewy body dementia<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vascular dementia\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are other dementias, of course. To make it more confusing, people can have more than one type of dementia. This is called \u201cmixed dementia.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The pros will tell you to look for at least one of these behaviors:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hallucinations<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Paranoia<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Delusions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Impulsive behavior<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Not caring about other people\u2019s feelings<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Memory loss<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Poor judgment<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Confusion<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Name-calling<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Illogical arguments<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Change in behavior<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Difficulty understanding or expressing thoughts<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inability to handle money responsibly or pay bills<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Poor personal sanitation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">getting lost in a familiar neighborhood<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Being scammed repeatedly<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unwarranted anger<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How Dementia Can Impact Estate Planning<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Back to Wilbur. The psychiatrist said that \u201cpeople with <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/legaltalk\/estate-planning\/planning-for-dementia\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dementia<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> often have good days and bad days.\u201d Wilbur\u2019s stroke hit him in an area of the brain that controls executive function.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Impaired executive function can cause loss of insight and judgment, and difficulty manipulating information and data. It can also cause a person to make contradictory statements, have poor memory, and employ illogical reasoning.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wilbur exhibited all that, and more. He wanted to leave some of his assets in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/legaltalk\/wills-trusts\/different-types-of-trusts-in-estate-planning\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">trust<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for one of his daughters, but later stated he wanted that daughter to have everything free of trust. When he listed family members, he forgot about one grandchild and two great-grandchildren, although they frequently visited him. He could not list all of his assets.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When his doctor asked him questions before he <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/legaltalk\/wills-trusts\/this-is-what-you-need-to-know-before-signing-a-will\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">signed the will<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Wilbur\u2019s answers were inconsistent. He told his doctor he was making a will because one of his daughters wanted all of his money, but then said he didn\u2019t have any money because he had given it away. He said the same daughter was challenging his will, even though he had not yet signed it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The psychiatrist who reviewed the records after Wilbur\u2019s death believed that Wilbur\u2019s impaired executive function was caused by his cerebrovascular disease, dementia, and strokes. She concluded that he did not know what he was signing when he executed his will because the document was complicated, and Wilbur was incapacitated. The Court agreed and threw out Wilbur\u2019s will.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Discerning Incapacity in Estate Planning<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wilbur\u2019s case is a great example of how difficult it can be to discern incapacity. The psychiatrist was critical of Wilbur\u2019s doctor because he took Wilbur\u2019s answers at face value and did not ask follow-up questions. She said that delusions and misperceptions are common with dementia, and the doctor never tested whether Wilbur\u2019s statement was due to a misperception.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In my practice, I often see cases where a person\u2019s capacity is questioned. In legal proceedings, we have rules and procedures on how to handle capacity issues.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s not so in the real world. How would you know if your neighbor\u2019s uncalled-for and persistent anger is caused by his unhappy childhood, or because he suffers from impaired executive function?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At some point, you may need to help.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hammerle Morris Law Firm is Here to Help With Estate Planning<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dementia can bring great difficulties to both day-to-day life and planning for the future. If you\u2019re looking for help with <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/practice-areas\/estate-planning-probate\/estate-planning\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">estate planning<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for yourself or a loved one, contact the experts at Hammerle Morris Law Firm today to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hammerle.com\/lewisville-attorney\/#form\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">schedule a consultation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Virginia Hammerle is an accredited estate planner and represents clients in estate planning, probate, guardianship, and contested litigation. She may be reached at <\/span><\/i><a href=\"mailto:legaltalktexas@hammerle.com\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">legaltalktexas@hammerle.com<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This blog contains general information only and does not constitute legal advice.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wilbur was a financially sophisticated businessman. Then he suffered a stroke. Five years later, he needed assistance with bathing and eating, could not read, and required help to use the television or telephone. After Wilbur\u2019s death, a geriatric psychiatrist reviewed his medical records and spoke with family members, his doctor, and his lawyer. The psychiatrist [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":12942,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1224],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-12941","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-estate-planning"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Dementia in the Real World | Hammerle Morris Law Firm<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore the complexities of dementia and learn how to recognize signs and symptoms, and understand its impact on daily life and estate planning.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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